Chemical analysis is the process of determining the chemical composition and properties of a material or substance. The purpose of chemical analysis is to identify and quantify the elements, compounds to determine their physical and chemical properties. There are many different methods of chemical analysis, each with its own strengths and limitations. Some common methods of chemical analysis include: Spectroscopy: This method involves measuring the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter, and is used to determine the composition and structure of materials. Examples of spectroscopy techniques include, optical emission spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy.
Optical Emission Spectroscopy : Involves applying electrical energy in the form of spark generated between an electrode and a metal sample, whereby the vaporized atoms are brought to a high energy state within a so-called "discharge plasma". These excited atoms and ions in the discharge plasma create a unique emission spectrum specific to each element, Therefore, the light generated by the discharge can be said to be a collection of the spectral lines generated by the elements in the sample. This light is split by a diffraction grating to extract the emission spectrum for the target elements. The intensity of each emission spectrum depends on the concentration of the element in the sample. Detectors (photomultiplier tubes) measure the presence or absence or presence of the spectrum extracted for each element and the intensity of the spectrum to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis of the elements.
Chemical analysis is used in a wide range of fields, including materials science, pharmaceuticals, food and beverage production, environmental testing, and forensic science. It is an important tool for understanding the composition and properties of materials and substances, and for developing new materials and products with specific properties and functions.
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